CHANGING SENTENCES
AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE
Condition-1: Affirmative Sentence-এ only, alone যদি ব্যক্তিকে বিশেষিত করে-
Technique-1: None but + Subject + Verb-সহ Sentence-এর বাকি অংশ।
Examples:
Affirmative: Only Raju can solve it.
Negative: None but Raju can solve it.
Affirmative: The old man alone can live there.
Negative:None but the old man can live there.
Affirmative: Only Allah can help us.
Negative None but Allah can help us.
Affirmative: Ritu alone knows the truth.
Negative: None but Ritu knows the truth.
Affirmative: I saw only Reza sitting in the classroom.
Negative: I saw none but Reza sitting in the classroom.
Condition-2: Affirmative Sentence-এ only যদি কোনো বস্তুকে বিশেষিত করে-
Technique-2: এ ক্ষেত্রে (বিশেষিত বস্তুবাচক শব্দটির ঠিক পূর্বে) nothing but বসাতে হয় এবং only বাদ দিয়ে Sentence-এর অন্যান্য word-গুলো অপরিবর্তিত স্থানে বসে।
Examples:
Affirmative: Children prefer toys only.
Negative: Children prefer nothing but toys.
Affirmative:The shopkeeper sells only vegetables..
Negative: The shopkeeper sells nothing but vegetables
Affirmative: I can play only cricket.
Negative: I can play nothing but cricket.
Affirmative: I saw only some flowers in the basket.
Negative : I saw nothing but some flowers in the basket.
Affirmative: Rini bought only some books.
Negative: Rini bought nothing
but some books.
Condition-3: Affirmative Sentence-এ only যদি কারও বয়স বা কোনো সংখ্যাকে বিশেষিত
করে-
Technique-3: এ ক্ষেত্রে বয়স/সংখ্যাটির পূর্বে not more than/not less than বসাতে হয় এবং only বাদ দিয়ে Sentenceএর অন্যান্য word-গুলো অপরিবর্তিত স্থানে বসে।
Examples:
Affirmative: The man is only 54.
Negative: The man is not more than/not less than 54.
Affirmativ: My younger brother is only 2.
Negative My younger brother is not more than/not less than 2.
Affirmative: The book costs me only Tk 20.
Negative: The book costs me not more than Tk 20.
Affirmative: Ratan said that he was only 30.
Negative: Ratan said that he was not more than/not less than 30.
Affirmative: I have only one thousand taka
Negative: I have not more than/not less than one thousand taka.
Condition-4: Affirmative Sentence-এ must/have to/has to/need to থাকলে-
Technique-4: এ ক্ষেত্রে কেবল must/have to/has to/need to-এর স্থলে cannot but/cannot help বসাতে হয়। Sentence-এর অন্যান্য word-গুলো অপরিবর্তিত স্থানে বসে।
Examples:
Affirmative: We must respect our teach
Negative: We cannot but respect our teachers. Or, We cannot help respecting our teachers.
Affirmative : You must go there.
Negative: You cannot but go there.
Or, You cannot help going there.
Affirmative : We had to walk fast to catch the train.
Negative We could not but walk to catch the train.
Affirmative: I needed to buy a computer.
Or, I could not help buying a computer.
Or, We could not help walking fast to catch the train.
Negative: I could not but buy a computer.
Remember:
Cannot but-এর পর Main verb-এর Present form হয়।
Cannot help-এর পর Main verb-এর Present form-এর সাথে ing হয়।
Note: had to/needed to থাকলে could not but/could not help বসাতে হয়।
Condition-5: Affirmative Sentence-এ As soon as যুক্ত Clause (বাক্যাংশ) থাকলে-
Technique-5: As soon as-এর পরিবর্তে বাক্যের শুরুতে No sooner had + As soon as যুক্ত Clause-টির Subject + main verb-এর Past participle form + As soon as যুক্ত Clause-টির বাকি অংশ + than + ২য় Clause-টি।
Examples:
Affirmative As soon as he saw the bird, he shot it down.
Negative : No sooner had he seen the bird than he shot it down.
Affirmative: As soon as the man reached the station, the train left.
Negative No sooner had the man reached the station than the train left.
Affirmative: As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students
stood up.
Negative: No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the
students stood up.
Affirmative: As soon as the rain stopped, we started for college.
Negative :No sooner had the rain stopped than we started for college.
Affirmative: As soon as I finish the work. I'll start for home.
Negative: No sooner have I finished the work than I'll start for home.
Condition-6: Affirmative Sentence-এর শুরুতে Every + Noun যুক্ত থাকলে-
Technique-6: Every-এর পরিবর্তে বাক্যের শুরুতে There is no Every-এর সাথে যুক্ত Noun / Pronoun - টি + but + main verb-সহ বাকি অংশ।
Examples:
Affirmative: Every mother loves her child.
Negative : There is no mother who does not love her child.
Or. No mother hates her child.
Or.There is no mother but loves her child.
Affirmative: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Negative :There is nobody but wishes to to be happy.
Or, Nobody wishes
to be unhappy.
Affirmative: Everyone wants peace and prosperity.
Negative: There is no one but wants peace and prosperity.
Or. There is nobody who doesn't wish to be happy.
Or. There is no one who does not want peace and prosperity.
Condition-7: Affirmative Sentence-এ Superlative Degree থাকলে-
Technique-7: No other + Superlative Degree-এর পরের Noun (singular)-সহ বাকি অংশ+ verb + so/as +Superlative degree-এর positive form + as + subject
Examples:
Affirmative: He is the best man in the village.
Negative : No other man in the village is so/as good as he.
Affirmative: Tuhin is the most meritorious student in the class
Negative: No other student in the class is so meritorious as Tuhin.
Affirmative: Lina is the best girl in the class.
Negative: No other girl in the class is as good as Lina.
Remember:
No other যুক্ত Sentence-এর verb-টি বসবে No other-এর পরের
Singular Noun অনুযায়ী।
Exception: Superlative Degree-এর পূর্বে one of the থাকলে-
Technique: Very few Superlative degree-এর পরের Noun (Plural) সহ বাকি অংশ
+ verb + so/as +
Superlative degree-এর positive form + as + subject.
Examples:
Affirmative: He is one of the best men in the village.
Negative : Very few men in the village are so/as good as he.
Affirmative: Selina Hossain is one of the greatest writers in Bangladesh.
Negative : Very few writers in Bangladesh are as great as Selina
Hossain.
Remember:
Very few যুক্ত Sentence-এর verb-টি হবে very few-এর পরের
Plural noun অনুযায়ী।
Condition-8: Affirmative Sentence-এ Always থাকলে-
Technique-৪: এ ক্ষেত্রে Always-এর স্থলে never এবং always-এর পরের শব্দটির বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ বসাতে হয়। Sentence- এর অন্যান্য word-গুলো অপরিবর্তিত স্থানে বসে।
Examples:
Affirmative: The boy is always honest.
Negative: The boy is never dishonest.
Affirmative: Tareq is always punctual.
Negative Tareq is never late.
Affirmative: He always speaks the truth.
Negative He never tells a lie.
Affirmative: Rony always obeys his superiors.
Negative: Rony never disobeys his superiors.
Affirmative: We should always stick to honest way.
Negative We should never deviate from honest way.
Or, We should never
stick to dishonest way.
Condition-9: Than any other/than all other যুক্ত Comparative Degree থাকলে-
Technique-9: No other Than any other-এর পরের Noun (singular)-সহ বাকি অংশ + verb + so/as + Comparative degree-এর positive form + as + subject.
Examples:
Affirmative: He is better than any other man in the village.
Negative No other man in the village is so/as good as he,
Affirmative: He is better than all other men in the village,
Negative: No other man in the village is so/as good as he.
Affirmative: Cox's Bazar seabeach is longer than any other seabeach in
the world.
Negative No other seabeach in the world is as long as Cox's Bazar
seabeach.
Affirmative: Nipa is more beautiful than any other girl in the village.
Negative: No other girl in the village is as beautiful as Nipa.
Exception -1: Than most other যুক্ত Comparative Degree থাকলে-
Technique: Very few Than most other-এর পরের Noun (Plural)-সহ বাকি অংশ+ verb + so/as
+Comparative degree-এর positive form + as + subject
Examples:
Affirmative: He is better than most other men in the village.
Negative:Very few men in the village are so/as good as he.
Affirmative: Dhaka is more overpopulated than most other cities in the
world.
Negative : Very few cities in the world are so/as overpopulated, as
Dhaka.
Affirmative:Our college is more famous than most other colleges in
Bangladesh.
Negative:Very few colleges in Bangladesh are so/as famous as our
college.
Affirmative: Nahid is taller than most other students in our college.
Negative: Very few students in our college are as tall as Nahid.
Affirmative:Shimu is more beautiful than most other girls in the class.
Negative:Very few girls in the class are so/as beautiful as Shimu.
Exception-2:Than যুক্ত Comparative Degree থাকলে-
Technique: Than-এর পরের Noun/Pronoun-টি + verb + not + so/as + Comparative degree
এর positive form + as + subject
Examples:
Affirmative: He is better than you.
Negative: You are not as good as he
Affirmative: . Rakib is more industrious than you.
Negative You are not so/as industrious as Rakib
Affirmative: Tisha writes more swiftly than you.
Negative: You do not write so/as swiftly as Tisha.
Affirmative: You are slower than Rathan in walking.
Negative :Raihan is not as/so slow as you in walking.
Affirmative: Parvez is more prudent than Niaz..
Negative: Niaz is not so/as prudent as Parvez Negative
Affirmative:Zabed is taller than Shahin.
Negative:Shahin is not as/so tall as Zabed.
Condition-10 : As.... as যুক্ত Positive Degree থাকলে-
Technique-10: Subject + verb + ১ম as-এর পরিবর্তে not less adj. (যেটি থাকবে) ২য় as-এর
পরিবর্তে than +বাকি অংশ।
Examples:
Affirmative:He is as ferocious as a lion.
Negative: He is not less ferocious than a lion.
Affirmative:Asif is as strong as a lion.
Negative : Asif is not less strong than a lion.
Affirmative: Rubi sings as sweetly as a cuckoo.
Negative: Rubi does not sing less sweetly than a cuckoo.
Affirmative: Nazim is as industrious as Pintu.
Negative Nazim is not less industrious than Pintu.
Condition-11: Less.... than যুক্ত Affirmative sentence থাকলে-
Technique-11: Subject + verb + less-এর পরিবর্তে not as adj. (যেটি থাকবে)+ than-এর পরিবর্তে
as + than- এর পরের শব্দগুলো।
Examples:
Affirmative: He is less ugly than you said.
Negative He is not as ugly as you said.
Affirmative: Anamika is less clever than Sushmita.
Negative: Anamika is not so/as clever as Sushmita.
Affirmative: Nitu dances less
beautifully than you said.
Negative:Nitu does not dance as/so beautifully as you said.
Affirmative: Tipu is less industrious than Asad.
Negative Tipu is not so industrious as Asad.
Condition-12: Too.... to যুক্ত Affirmative Sentence থাকলে-
Technique-12: Subject + verb + too-এর পরিবর্তে so + too-এর পরের Adjective/adverb + to
এর পরিবর্তে that + subject (১ম subject অনুযায়ী) + tense অনুযায়ী cannot/could not + to-এর
পরের verb-সহ বাকি অংশ।
Examples:
Affirmative: He is too poor to buy food.
Negative : He is so poor that he cannot buy food.
Affirmative: He is too weak to walk.
Negative:He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Affirmative: Tanha is too dull to do this sum.
Negative:Tanha, is so dull that she cannot do this sum.
Affirmative: Pintu walked too slowly to catch the train.
Negative:Pintu walked so slowly that he could not catch the train.
Affirmative: The sum was too difficult for me to do.
Negative: The sum was so difficult that I could not do it.
Condition-13: Both.... and থাকলে-
Technique-13: Not only......... but also দ্বারা Negative করতে হয়।
Examples:
Affirmative: He is both a poet and a novelist.
Negative:He is not only a poet but also a novelist.
Affirmative Both Riya and Smita have done it.
Negative: Not only Riya but also Smita has done it.
N. B. Affirmative Sentence-এ শুধু 'and' থাকলেও Not only.... but also দ্বারা Negative করা যায়।মনে রাখতে হবে Not only ...... but also দ্বারা দুটি Subject যুক্ত হলে Verb-টি ২য় Subject অনুযায়ী হয়।
Example:
Affirmative: Fahad and Selim are going to watch a football match today.
Negative : Not only Fahad but also Selim is going to watch a football
match today.
Condition-14: Affirmative Sentence- many, much, a few, a little থাকলে-
Technique-14: many-এর পরিবর্তে not a few: a few এর পরিবর্তে not many: much এর পরিবর্তে not a little; a little এর পরিবর্তে not much বসাতে হয়।
Examples:
Affirmative I have much money
Negative: I have not a little money.
Or, I do not have a little money.
Affirmative : AR Khan has many followers.
Negative : AR Khan does not have/has not a few followers,
Affirmative: The pot contains a little water.
Negative: The pot does
not contain much water.
Condition-15: সাধারণত কোনো Affirmative Sentence-কে Negative করতে Tense ও Person
অনুযায়ী Verb-টিকে Negative করে এর পরের শব্দটির Opposite form বসাতে হয়।
Example:
Affirmative: Shaheed is an active boy.
Negative Shaheed is not an Inactive boy.
কিছু বিপরীত অর্থবোধক
শব্দের নমুনা
|
Word |
Opposite word |
Word |
Opposite word |
|
Absent |
Present |
Moral |
Immoral |
|
Active |
inactive,
idle, lazy |
mortal |
Immortal |
|
Always |
Never |
obedient |
Disobedient |
|
Brave |
Timid |
obey |
Disobey |
|
Comfortable |
Uncomfortable |
Pleasant |
Unpleasant |
|
Doubtful |
sure,
certain |
Pleased |
Displeased |
|
Friend |
foe, enemy |
Possible |
Impossible |
|
Good |
Bad |
Punctual |
Uncomfortable |
|
Grateful |
Ungrateful |
Real |
Unreal |
|
Happy |
Unhappy |
Regular |
Irregular |
|
Hard |
Easy |
Remember |
Forget |
|
Healthy |
Unhealthy |
Responsible |
Irresponsible |
|
Honest |
Dishonest |
Rich |
Poor |
|
Honour |
Dishonour |
Right |
Wrong |
|
Just |
Unjust |
Sincere |
Insincere |
|
Kind |
unkind,
cruel |
Solvent |
Insolvent |
|
Literate |
Illiterate |
Wise |
Unwise |
|
love |
hate |
weak |
strong |
Transform the following affirmative sentences into negative:
1. Everyone runs after money.
2 . Your sister alone did this work.
3. The young like only entertainment.
4. Every man has a hope.
5. The girl is too short to touch the ceiling.
6. I am always right.
7. Shakespeare is the greatest dramatist in the world.
8. They must obey their elders.
9. My sister is only two.
10. He drinks only tea in the morning.
11 . We must yield to our fate.
12. As soon as the President arrived, all gave him a warm reception.
13. He is less stupid than you told me.
14. He is as strong as his brother.
15. The boy was too dull to understand the matter.
16. They should confess their guilt.
17. Hanif is less intelligent than Rajib.
18. Dhaka is bigger than any other city in Bangladesh.
19 . India is larger than Bangladesh.
20. She is as active as her mother.
21. You always disagreed with me.
22. He is taller than I.
23. People of Bangladesh will always remember our freedom fighters,
24. As soon as the rain stopped, we started our journey.
25. Everybody was doubtful of his honesty.
26. He missed the first class yesterday.
27. They were doubtful of his
honesty.
28. The boy is apt for the job,
29. Every river has tides, জোয়ার-ভাটা
30. Every patriot loves his country.
31. He is as fashionable as we
were told.
32. There is a little water in the pond.
33. Rafiq and Sumon know how to swim.
34. Nijhum is a brilliant student.
35. Farzana Maisha has much knowledge.
36. We are encouraged to do the work.
37. Abdur Rahman can speak Bangla and English.
38. Jeba was too tired to speak a few words,
39. The coffee was too hot for Marta to drink.
40. Ayesha is wiser than her classmates.
41. lee floats on water
42. Everybody abinors him.
43. Almost everyone enjoys tea.
44. Anger begets only the worst.
45. Bees live together.
46. Everybody wants friends.
47. A frugal man lives a solvent life.
48. The parks are crowded.
50. Everybody knows about the Royal Bengal Tiger of the Sundarbans.
49. At this, the sailors were very angry with him.
51. His wife, Catherine, loves gardening.
52. Books are our best friends.
53. A life with an assignment is an actual life.
54. Acid throwing is an inhuman and barbarous act.
55. The causes of traffic jams are many.
56. Most of the drivers of our country are illiterate.
Transform the following negative sentences into affirmative:
1. I cannot help doing this.
2. Shafiq was never idle.
3. The teacher did not find many students in the class.
4. No sooner had the police come than the procession broke up.।
5.You cannot but yield to your destiny.
6.My father never disagreed with
me.".
7 Jerry was not dishonest.
8. We were not neglectful of our studies.
10. It was not an ordinary ship.
9 No one will dislike my proposal.
11. Nobody disbelieves in God.
12. I shall never forget his advice.
13. None but the rich can buy this house.
14. Never disobey your parents.
15. We never forget their memories.
